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Chapter 3 - Agriculture |
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AGRICULTURE |
Agriculture is the main stay of the State's economy. About 77 percent of the population depends mainly on agriculture, with 19.9 million hect.i.e.45% of Geographical area under cultivation. 64.5 % of land holders are marginal & small farmers having only 23.4 % of land,whereas 35.5% of land holders are big farmers having 77% of land. Agriculture in Madhya Pradesh is mostly rainfed,and has to contend with the impeding factors of soil erosion due to rolling topography, practice of keeping land fallow during kharif and taking only one crop in rabi, existence of large area of cultivable waste and fallow land, high proportion of low value crops with low productivity, low consumption of fertilisers. Core strategies being pursued are :-
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Implementation of soil and water conservation schemes. |
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Rationalisation of cropping pattern through crop substitution and diversification and introduction of new crops like fodders & suitable varieties of rapeseed and mustard oil. |
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Wasteland development to augment fodder. |
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Strengthening of input supplies and services. |
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Augmenting irrigated area through minor and micro minor irrigation schemes. |
These efforts have borne fruit to some extent, which is evident from the fact that the State leads the country in oil seeds and pulses production with 20 % and 25.7 % share respectively of the total National Production. The State has also excelled in Soyabean, Gram and Linseed production, the State's share being 72.3 43.1 and 46.2 percent respectively of total National production. The State also stands First in the country in the production of total Oilseed, total pulses, soyabean, gram and linseed. In case of Jowar (Kharif) and total food grains the State stands Second & Third respectively in the country.
During 1998-99, the production of rice, wheat , jowar, tur, Gram, sugarcane and total foodgrains has gone up by 18.68, 15.56,9.6, 39, 1% ,14 % and 15% respectively.The State has achieved "National Productivity Award" for extension services.
2. Ninth Five Year Plan & Annual Plan 1997-98 :
2.1 The 9th Plan aims at enhancing the agricultural production and productivity, assigning priority to management of dry land and accelerating the pace of utilisation of created irrigation potential, increaasing irrigation through construction of small tanks/percolation tanks, WHS and stop dams etc. Other important programmes proposed are :-
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Effective transfer of technology to farmers through an efficient extension net work. |
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Production and distribution of quality seed and fertilisers / pesticides to the farmers. |
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Encouragement to
cooperatives and NGOs to take up seed production programme |
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Construction of Small
tanks having capacity to irrigate upto 100 acres of land |
2.2 Some important schemes being implemented in the central sector /Central ly Sponsored are :-
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National Watershed Dev. Programme in Rainfed Area. (NWDPRA) |
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National Pulsues Development Progamme. |
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Integrated Cereals Development Programme. |
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Intensive Cotton Development Programme. |
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Sustainable development of sugarcane. |
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Distribution of small tractors on subsidy. |
2.3 The approved outlays for Annual Plan 1997-98 & actual expenditure incurred are as under :-
(Rs. in lakh)
Annual Plan 97-98
Name of the Group 9th Plan appr. outlay Exp.
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1. Agriculture Production 12831 4807 5451.93
2. Research and Education 467 1000 1455.00
3. Soil Conservation 2896 800 479.62
4. Minor Irrigation 5397 1845 1260.83
5. Micro Minor Irrigation 4673 1000 983.65
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Total : 26264 9452 9631.03
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2.4 Important targets and achievement of Annual Plan 1997-98 are as under :-
(Lakh Tonnes)
Ninth Plan Annual Plan 1997-98
Target Achievement
Total Foodgrains 226.50 212.00 173.12
Total Oilseeds 66.15 57.40 57.93
Total cereals 183.00 172.10 140.58
Total Pulses 43.50 39.90 32.54
Sugar cane (Gur) 4.35 3.00 2.11
Fertilizers NPK total 19.75 16.05 12.29
Cotton (lakh bales) 4.70 4.65 9.32
2.5 Under EAP scheme - Traning of women and youth formers under Danida project is being implemented.
3. Annual Plan 1998-99
Outlay proposed under various sub-sectors for 1998-99 and actual expendiutre incurred were as under :
(Rs.inlakh)
Annual Plan 1998-99
Sr.No. Name of groups Approved outlay Actual Exp.
1. 2. 3. 4.
1. Agriculture production 5254.35 5892.48
2. Agriculture research & 2252.80 2282.20
Education
3. Soil & Water Conservation 880.01 777.36
4. Minor Irrigation 1105.00 397.58
5. Micro Minor irrigation 800.00 787.93
schemes
3.1 Some important targets proposed and achieved during 1998-99 are as under :-
(Lakh tonnes)
Sr.No. Items Annual Plan 1998-99
Proposed Achievements
targets
1. 2. 3. 4.
1. Total foodgrains 218.20 198.03
2. Total oilseads 58.25 56.16
3. Total cereasls 179.05 162.26
4. Total pulses 39.15 35.77
5. Sugarcane (Gur) 3.00 1.97
6. Fertilizers (NPK) 16.05 12.05
7. Cotton (lakh bales) 9.00 4.28
4. Annual Plan 1999-2000
- Outlay proposed under various sub-sectors for Annual Plan 1999-2000 are as under :-
(Rs. in lakh)
1. Agriculture production 6590.96
2. Agriculture research and education 1025.00
3. Soil & Water conservation 683.80
4. Minor Irrigation 642.00
5. Micro Minor Irrigation 1095.004.1 Some important target proposed during 1999-2000 :-
1. Total Foodgrains 225.80
2. Total Oilseads 62.80
3. Sugarcane (Gur) 3.00
4. Cotton (lakh bales) 9.35
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HORTICULTURE |
Horticulture crops are important as they generate great deal of employment opportunities and income. Considerable manpower is employed at all stages from cultivation to harvesting, packing and retaling. Moreover, being perennial, these crops also help in checking soil erosion and provide high density green cover to the soil. Being hardy many of t hese crops can succesfully be grown on waste land not suitable for traditional crop cultivation. Thus, horticulture offers multiple farming opportunities and at the same time plays an important role in amelioration of the fast deteriorating environment.
The State has immense potential for horticultural development. The existing area under horticultural crops is 5.25 lakh hectares in 1997-98, which can be extended over to about 26.40 lakh hectares. In view of such a huge potential,the State Government has already initiated a well thought out Integrated Horticultural Development Programme (I.H.D.P.).
2. Ninth Five Year Plan & Annual Plan 1997-98 :
2.1 The following strategy has been proposed for Horticulture Development programme in the 9th Plan period :-
i) Area Extension : -Area under Horticultural Crops will be extended by fruit tree plantation, vegetable development, floriculture, spices , medicinal and aromatic plants.
ii) Development of resources for better utilisation of soil and water : -
(a) Selection of Horticultural crops on the basis of soil type, irrigation resources and climatic facts.
(b) Use of Plastic in Horticulture crops, so as to save water losses, controlling weeds growth, soil solarisation for Control of Soil Borne pathogen, insect and nematodes.
(c) Plant/seed nurseries are to be developed in private sector, amongst farmers.
(d) Development of nurseries for improving supply of good planting material of Horticultural Crops.
iii) Strengthening of Extension Services : -The staff of the Horticulture development need re-orientation training in new development techniques in the horticulture field.
iv) Development of Research Support : -Identification, collection, selection of vegetables/local Horticultural crops which are better adapted to the soil and climatic conditions.
v) Better marketing, processing and storage support.
vi) Introduction of non-traditional Horticulture crops.
2.2 An outlay of Rs. 6308.00 lakh was approved for the Ninth Five year Plan and Rs. 1588.00 lakh for the Annual Plan 1997-98, against which an expenditure of Rs. 1384.00 lakh was incurred.
2.3.1 During the 9th Plan 33734 hect. under incentive Fruit Development, 12639 hect. under Vegetable Development and 20,000 hect. under Aromatic and Medicinal Plants are proposed to be covered.
2.3.2 During 1997-98 against the target of 53591 hect. under Fruit Development,35857 hect. area has been covered and 52 hect., under Aromatic and Medicinal plants.
2.3.3 Against the target of 2500 persons to be trained in 1997-98 under Fruit Preservation and Training Programme, 871 persons were trained.
3. Annual Plan 1998-99
3.1 An outlay of Rs. 1825.48 was approved for 1998-99. Against which an expenditure of Rs. 1326.48 lakh was incurred.
3.2 During the year 1998-99, against the target of 58591 hect. under Fruit Development 46005 hect. areas has been covered. Under Aromatic and Medicinal plants 30 hect. has been covered. During the year 27 officers and employees were trained and 2045 persons were imparted training for fruit preservation.
4. Annual Plan 1999-2000
An outlay of Rs. 1645.85 lakh is proposed for Annual Plan 1999-2000.
Some important physical targets are :-
i) Fruit Devevelopment 55296 hect.
ii) Vegetables 2280 hect.
iii) Aromatic & Medicinals Plants 178 hect.
iv) Training for garderners 100 persons
v) Training of Officers 50 persons
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ANIMAL HUSBANDRY |
Livestock is an essential part of the rural economy. Inspite of the progress made in the field of energy substitution, livestock continues to be the main source of draught power for agricultural operations and rural transportation in the State. Improved animal husbandry practices have also played a major role in raising standards of living of rural population by providing self employment to rural poor, besides providing nutritious food.
2. Ninth Five Year Plan & Annual Plan 1997-98 :
2.1 The strategies envisaged in the Ninth Plan for Animal Husbandry sector are to increase Animal Health coverage , improve breeding facilities and provide employment opportunities to the Rural people. These include the following programmes viz :-
i) Veterinary Health : Opening new dispensaries, upgradation of existing dispensaries/hospitals providing disease diagnostic facilities,introduction of Gosewak Yojna in remotest areas.
ii) Improved Breeding : Conservation & preservation of indigeneous breeds increasing production capacity of central semen bank, convertion of all liquid semen insemination units into frozen semen units.
iii) Poultry Development : Through improved breeding, making existing mass poultry programme more viable.
(iv) Sheep, Goat & Pig Development.
(v) Fodder Development Programme.
2.2 The targets for Ninth Plan are :-
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Increasing the milk
production of the State from 5205 thousand tonnes to 5700 |
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Increasing the present
level of egg production from 1250 million numbers to 1500 |
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Increasing the present
level of wool production from 7.84 lakh kg. to 9.00 lakh kg. |
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Providing at least one
veterinary institution for 15945 heads of cattle from the |
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Providing improved
breeding facilities to 34 lakh breedable females from the present |
2.3 The outlay approved for the Ninth Plan is Rs. 3973.00 lakh and that for Annual Plan 1997-98 was Rs. 1812.00 lakh.
2.4 Against the above approved outlay for 1997-98 an expenditure of Rs. 1772.26 lakh has been incurred.
3. Annual Plan 1998-99
- An outlay of Rs. 1818.71 lakh has been approved. During the year an expendiutre of Rs. 2376.40 lakh has been incurred. Excess expenditure is mainly on two scheme viz.i) establishment of veternary dispensaries, diseas investigation lobortary, upgradation of dispensaries to hospitals. ii) Intensive dairy cattle production project.
4. Annual Plan 19990-2000.
An outlay of Rs. 1950.33 lakh has been proposed for continuing schemes.
In the year 1974-75 a separate Dairy Development Department was established with a prime objective to increase per-capita availability of milk on one hand and to raise the living standards of rural milk producers on the other.
With a view to directly involve the milk producers in organised dairy development activity, a World Bank assisted Project was launched in Madhya Pradesh based on the celebrated "Anand Pattern". This programme envisaged dairy development on cooperative lines in 9 districts of Madhya Pradesh, clubbed into three milk sheds viz. Bhopal, Indore and Ujjain. Based on the initial success of the World Bank assisted project, Operation Flood-II Programme was initiated during the year 1980-81 in four milk sheds of Gwalior, Jabalpur, Raipur and Sagar. Presently 29 districts are covered under Operation Flood Project. In the remaining 16 districts the Dairy Development Department is implementing milk schemes. Presently the third phase of operation Flood programme is under implementation.
2. Ninth Five Year Plan & Annual Plan 1997-98 :
2.1 The strategies envisaged for the Ninth plan are as follows :-
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To raise the living
standard of landless labourers, marginal and small farmers |
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To consolidate the
gains of Operation Flood Programmes as well as ITDDP's & |
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To help the
co-operative milk unions and Govt. Milk supply schemes to become |
2.2 Targets for Ninth Plan are as under :-
During the Ninth Plan 101000 AIs are proposed to be performed on dairy cattle of SC members. 200 officers/employees are proposed to be trained during 9th Plan for this purpose.
2.3 An outlay of Rs. 4687 lakh has been approved for Ninth Plan outlay for the Annual Plan 1997-98 was Rs. 1612.00 lakh, against which an expenditure of Rs. 347.90 lakh has been incurred, because the proposed G.I.A. of Rs. 1000 lakh was not released to MPDMS.
3. Annual Plan 1998-99
For the Annual Plan 1998-99 an outlay of Rs. 757 lakh was approved. Against which an expenditure of Rs. 321.36 lakh has been incurred. Of which Rs. 315.00 lakh were given to M.P. Dugdha Mahasangh as GIA for transport & technical subsidy.
4. Annual Plan 1999-2000
An outlay of Rs. 500.00 lakh is proposed for Annual Plan 1999-2000.
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FISHERIES |
Fisheries sector has good potential for generating employment in rural areas. It has been estimated that 3.87 lakh hectares of water area is available in the State for fish culture. It includes 2.67 lakh hect. of Irrigation reservoirs and 1.20 lakh hect. of village ponds. Besides these 20666 kms. long reivers also flow in the State which also support fish culture.
Water-bodies upto 2000 hect. average water area have been transferred to Panchayat-Raj Institutions. These ponds & reservoirs are being given by Panchayat to the beneficiaries for Fisheries Development as per the Govt. policy. Sanction of subsidies to fish farmers & their fisherman coop. societies has also been vested with the Panchayat_raj bodies.
The Fisheries department will continue the extension work and technical supervision. The department has retained some of the Irrigation tanks and reservoirs for raising brood stock.
2. Ninth Five Year Plan & Annual Plan 1997-98 :
2.1 Following objectives/Strategies have been set out for the Ninth Five Year Plan :-
i) To bring additional water area under fish culture.
ii) Increase per hect.fish seed proudction production and to reduce the mortality of fish seed in rearing.
iii) To enhance fish production.
iv) Employment generation.
v) To increase fishermen's income.
vi) To promote fishermen Co-operatives.
vii) Fishermen Welfare.
viii) Fishermen Training.
2.2 The production targets for Ninth Plan & targets & achievements for Annual Plan 1997-98 are indicated in the table given below :-
Sr.No. Item Unit Ninth Plan Annual Plan 97-98
1997-2002
Target Ach.
1. Fish Production Lakh 1.54 1.11 1.15
tonnes
2. Fish seed Production Million 10000 750 584.94
St.fry
(level)
3. Assistance to ST/SC Nos. 14000 1800 2519
fishermen for fish
culture
2.3 The outlay approved for Ninth Plan is Rs. 3084.00 lakh and Plan outlay for the year 1997-98 was Rs. 660.00 lakh, against which an expenditure of Rs. 619.62 lakh was incurred.
2.4 Centrally sponsered schemes of Group Accident Insurance for Fisherman, National Welfare fund for Fisherman are being implemented.
3. Annual Plan 1998-99
3.1 An outlay of Rs. 821.90 lakh has been approved. Against which an expenditure of Rs. 537.81 lakh has been incurred.
3.2 Some important physital target achieved during 1998-99 are as under :-
Unit Target Achievement
i) Fish production lakh tonnes 1.20 1.196
ii) Fish seed production million 7800 4951
St.Fry.
(level)
iii) Assistance to ST/SC Nos. 2100 1146
fishermen for
fish culture.
4. Annual Plan 1999-2000
4.1 The outlay proposed for 1999-2000 is Rs. 754.90 lakh. Fish production is expected to reach 1.30 lakh tonnes and fish seed production 8.20 million St.fry.(level) and assistance will be provided to 2800 fishermen of SC/ST catogery.
4.2 Accidential Insurance Scheme from National Welfare Fund for Fishermen will continue as Centrally Sponsored Scheme.
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FOREST |
The State has about 25 percent of the Forest area of the country, but its productive capacity and actual production is not commensurate with its proportion or extent. Forests are a prime source of non-tax revenue for the State. The dependance of tribals, marginal farmers and landless labourers on Forests for employment, small timber, fuel, fodder and food is an acknowledged fact. However, large scale fuelwood removal and heavy grazing have caused denudation of forests, affecting their renewability and productive capacity.
2. Ninth Five Year Plan & Annual Plan 1997-98 :
2.1 The activities of the Forest Department mainly relate to forest conservation, preservation, scientific management and development through various afforestation programmes. The strategies for the Ninth Plan are as follows :-
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To give highest priority to protect and preserve the existing forest. |
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To adopt holistic approach in Forestry Planning and Development Programmes. |
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To integrate the modern
technology and concepts in the forest planning, project formulation, |
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To modify, evolve and
standardize the management and development techniques through |
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To integrate Forest
Development Programmes particularly in the field of watershed development, |
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To lay emphasis on soil
and moisture conservation through watershed projects based on |
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To suitably expand the research activities specially in the spheres of applied forestry. |
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To include socio-economic studies of the rural poor as an essential part of forestry planning. |
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To conduct refresher
courses, organise field visits, regional seminars for in-service personnel in |
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To evolve suitable
packages and work norms for various plantation programmes in different |
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To strive for composite development of forest villages. |
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To evolve most
acceptable and practical grazing control regulations, specially in re-generation |
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To inculcate strict discipline amongst the forest services and masses. |
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To undertake all round development of the existing national parks and game sanctuaries. |
2.2 An outlay of Rs. 80088 lakh was approved for Ninth Plan.
2.3 Some 8700 hect. are proposed to be covered under Fuelwood Fodder Project in the Ninth Plan 28600 hect. area of Degraded Forest are proposed to be rehabilitated in Ninth Plan.
2.4 M P Forestry Project is being implemented under world Bank assistance since Oct. 1995.
2.5 Under Xth Finance Commission grants, A integrated Village Development project has been proposed
2.6 Annual Plan 1997-98
The Annual Plan outlay was Rs. 13045 lakh , aginst which an expenditure of Rs. 11509.26 lakh has been incurred. During the year fuelwood plantation was 13,100 hect. and 9970 hectares of degraded forest was rehabilitated.
3. Annual Plan 1998-99
An outlay of Rs. 12107.00 lakh for Forestry development and Rs. 70.29 lakh for Soil & Water Conservation was approved. The total expenditure incurred during the year is Rs. 12231.98 lakh under Forestry Development and Rs. 75.10 lakh under Soil Conservation. Under Soil Water conservation 125 hect. area was covered.
4. Annual Plan 1999-2000
An outlay of Rs. 14288.80 lakh for Forestry Development and Rs. 70.29 lakh for Soil Conservation is proposed.
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CO-OPERATION |
Timely and adequate supply of agricultural inputs, provision of credit, development of marketing and processing facilities and distribution of consumer articles through primary cooperative societies are the main objectives of the cooperative sector. Cooperatives being grass root organisations provide institutional mechanism for economic growth.
2. Ninth Five Year Plan & Annual Plan 1997-98 :
2.1 The strategies for the Ninth Five Year Plan are as follows :-
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Strengthening and
streamlining the agricultural credit systems for timely and |
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Construction of godowns
for generation of additional storage capacity to fulfil the |
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Establishment of
Housing Cooperatives to fulfil the goal of providing shelter to the |
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Strengthening of
consumer cooperative movement and improving consumers |
2.2 The following targets have been laid down for the 9th Plan.
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Short term agriculture
yearly lending programme of Rs. 1575 crores to be achieved |
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Long term agriculture
lending programme to be Rs. 700 crores by the end of 9th |
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Short term and long
term flow to ST and SC to be increased to 15% and 10% |
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With the assistance of
NCDC, one Chhattisgarh Oil Project, two spinning Mills, |
2.3 The approved outlay for the 9th Plan is Rs. 11833.00 lakh.
2.4 Annual Plan 1997-98 - The outlay for Annual Plan 1997-98 was Rs. 2300.00 lakh, against which budget allocation was Rs. 13531.35 lakh and an expenditure of Rs. 13904.94 lakh has been incurred.
3. Annual Plan 1998-99 - The approved outlay approved for Annual Plan 1998-99 was Rs. 5241.70 lakh. Against which an expenditure of Rs. 8588.32 lakh was incurred. Excess expenditure is because of one time GIA of Rs. 4310.40 lakh to M.P. Marketing Federation and M.P. Oil Federation
4. Annual Plan 1999-2000 - An outlady of Rs. 2614.31 lakh has been proposed for continued schemes.
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PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (PDS): |
An efficient Public Distribution System (PDS) is necessary for timely and adequate supply of food grains and other essential commodities at reasonable rates to far flung areas of the State, especially to the vulnerable groups of the community.
- In Madhya Pradesh steps to revamp the PDS and make it an effective instrument of poverty alleviation have been underway since the beginning of the Eighth Plan. A comprehensive effort has been made to attend to various aspects of P.D.S. by a combination of organisational restructuring, financial support and management input.
2. Ninth Five Year Plan & Annual Plan 1997-98 :
2.1 The activities/schemes envisaged in 9th Plan are opening of Fair Price Shops , construction of godowns/grid, Mobile Consumer Fair Price Shops, assistance to Co-operative societies for construction of tanks/purchase of drums for storage of kerosene , prizes for consumer protection and publicity.
2.2 The approved outlay for Ninth Plan is Rs. 6181.00 lakh.
2.3 Annual Plan 1997-98
Outlay for Annual Plan 1997-98 was Rs. 1446.00 lakh, against which an expenditure of Rs. 1941.51 lakh has been incurred. During 1997-98 64 godowns and 126/178 drums/tanks were constructed, 40 mobile vans were purchased.
3. Annual Plan 1998-99 - An outlay of Rs. 250 lakh was approved. Against which only Rs. 179.48 lakh were spent as sanction for the new schemes was not released.
4. Annual Plan 1999-2000 - An outlay of Rs. 101.00 lakh has been proposed.